Tampa, Florida

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Tampa is a city located in Hillsborough County on the west coast of central Florida in the United States. It is the largest city in the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater metropolitan area which is composed of roughly 2.6 million residents. It is also the county seat of Hillsborough County^{}.

Tampa, Florida


City flag	City seal

City nickname: none

Location of the city proper in the state of Florida

Founded

15 July, 1887

County

Hillsborough County

Mayor

Pam Iorio (D)

Area
- Total
- Water

441.9 km² (170.6 mi²)
151.6 km² (58.5 mi²) 34.31%

Population
- City (2000)
- Metropolitan
- Density

303,447
2.6 million
1,045.4/km²

Time zone

Eastern: UTC-5

Latitude
Longitude

27°58' N
82°27W

City of Tampa Official Website

History

The word "Tampa" is an American Indian word used to refer to the area when the first European explorers arrived in Florida. Its meaning, if any, has been lost to the ages, though it is sometimes claimed to mean "sticks of fire" in the language of the Calusa, a Native American tribe. Other historians claim the name refers to "The place to gather sticks". "Sticks of fire" may also relate to the high concentration of lightning strikes that Tampa Bay receives every year during the hot and wet summer months.

Spanish conquistador Pánfilo de Narváez was the first European known to have visited the Tampa area, on April 8, 1528. Hernando DeSoto arrived a year later to rescue the only remaining living member of de Narváez's expedition. A peace treaty was conducted with the local Indians and a short-lived Spanish outpost was established, but this was abandoned when it became clear that there was no gold in the area, and that the local Indians were not interested in converting to Catholicism and were too skilled as warriors to easily conquer.

When England acquired Florida in 1763, the bay was named Hillsborough Bay, after Lord Hillsborough, Secretary of State for the Colonies.

Spain transferred Florida to the United States in 1821 (see Adams-Onis Treaty). An Indian reservation was established in what is now north Tampa. As part of efforts to firmly establish United States control over southern Florida, then a vast swampy wilderness with sparse Seminole Indian population, a military outpost ("Cantonment Brooke") was established at what is now the Tampa Convention Center in downtown Tampa in 1823 by Colonels George Mercer Brooke and James Gadsden. In 1824, the post was renamed Fort Brooke. It was a vital military asset in the Seminole Wars. The village of Tampa began to grow up around the fort. The fort was decommissioned in 1883. Except for two cannons now on the University of Tampa campus, all traces of the fort are now gone.

Tampa was incorporated in 1849 with 185 inhabitants (excluding military personnel stationed at Fort Brooke), and Judge Joseph B. Lancaster became the first Mayor in 1856. During the Civil War, Fort Brooke was occupied by Confederate troops, and martial law was declared in Tampa. In 1862, a Union gunboat shelled the city during the Battle of Tampa. Union forces took Fort Brooke in May of 1864, and occupied the town for the next year.

Phosphate was discovered in the area in 1883. Tampa is now one of the world's leading phosphate exporters. Henry B. Plant's railroad reached the town shortly thereafter, enabling the commercial fishing industry to thrive.

In 1885, the Tampa Board of Trade persuaded Vincente M. Ybor to move his cigar manufacturing operations to Tampa from Key West. The Ybor City district was built to accommodate the factories and their workers. Tampa soon became a major cigar production center. Thousands of Italian and Cuban immigrants came to Tampa to work at the factories.

Henry Plant built a lavish luxury hotel in the city in 1883, which is now the campus of the University of Tampa.

Tampa was an embarkation center for American troops during the Spanish-American War. Luitenant Colonel Teddy Roosevelt and his Rough Riders were part of the 30,000 troops stationed in Tampa for training.

In 1904, local civic association Ye Mystic Krewe "invaded" the city for the first time, establishing the yearly Gasparilla Pirate Festival.

Illegal bolita lotteries became very popular among the Tampa working classes, especially in Ybor City, where many gambling parlors sprang up. Profits from the bolita lotteries and Prohibition-era bootlegging led to the development of several organized crime factions in the city. The first boss of Tampa's organized crime world was Charlie Wall, but various power struggles culminated in consolidation of control by Sicilian mafioso Santo Trafficante, Sr and his faction in the 1950s. After his death in 1954 from cancer, control passed to his son Santo Trafficante, Jr, who established alliances with families in New York and extended his power throughout Florida and into Batista-era Cuba.

The University of South Florida was established in 1956, sparking development in northern Tampa and nearby Temple Terrace.

With the advent of air conditioning, thousands of new residents have arrived in Tampa from the northern United States. The population continues to grow rapidly, and construction is proceeding rapidly on new housing developments around Tampa.

Geography

Tampa is located on the West coast of Florida at 27°58'15" North, 82°27'53" West (27.970898, -82.464640). It is bordered by two bodies of water: Tampa Bay and Hillsborough Bay.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 441.9 km² (170.6 mi²). 290.3 km² (112.1 mi²) of it is land and 151.6 km² (58.5 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 34.31% water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 303,447 people, 124,758 households, and 71,236 families residing in the city. The 2003 population estimate is 321,487. The population density is 1,045.4/km² (2,707.8/mi²). There are 135,776 housing units at an average density of 467.8/km² (1,211.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 64.22% White, 26.07% Black or African American, 0.38% American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.15% Asian, 0.09% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 4.17% from other races, and 2.92% from two or more races. 19.29% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There are 124,758 households out of which 27.6% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.4% are married couples living together, 16.1% have a female householder with no husband present, and 42.9% are non-families. 33.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.2% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.36 and the average family size is 3.07.

In the city the population is spread out with 24.6% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 32.3% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 35 years. For every 100 females there are 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 92.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city is $34,415, and the median income for a family is $40,517. Males have a median income of $31,452 versus $26,133 for females. The per capita income for the city is $21,953. 18.1% of the population and 14.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 26.8% of those under the age of 18 and 15.1% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

Weather

Tampa experiences a subtropical to temperate climate. Highs usually stay between 65 and 95 year round °F; (18 and 33 °C;), and lows rarely go below 32°F (0°C). These rare freezes are an enormous threat to area agriculture and aquaculture. Fog can also be a major problem in the winter and spring. Temperatures are hot June through October. These summer days have highs around 90 °F (32 °C) and high humidity. The summer nighttime temperature drops to only around 75 °F (23 °C). Thunderstorms are a major concern on summer afternoons. High winds, small hail, and torrential rain often accompany these common afternoon thunderstorms which can be severe. Tornadoes are not unheard of. These storms often move out over the Gulf of Mexico at night, where they are easily seen from land as spectacular light shows. Another major concern for Tampa is the Atlantic hurricane season which runs from June to November and peaks in September. It has been more than 50 years since Tampa has had a direct hit from a hurricane, but experienced three close calls in 2004.

Famous Tampa natives

Prominent individuals born in Tampa:

Cannonball Adderley (1928-1975), saxophonist
Nat Adderley (1931-2000), cornetist
Aaron Carter (b. 1987), pop singer
Steve Garvey (b. 1948), baseball player
Dwight Gooden (b. 1964), baseball player
Robert Martinez (b. 1934), politician
Tino Martinez (b. 1967), baseball player
Fred McGriff (b. 1963), baseball player
Butterfly McQueen (1911-1995), actress
Lou Piniella (b. 1943), baseball player
David Sanborn (b. 1945), saxophonist
Gary Sheffield (b. 1968), baseball player
Santo Trafficante, Jr (1914-1987), Mafia boss
Robin Hibbard (b. 1979), actress and reality TV personality

Economy

complex), and shopping centers within historic downtown.

Like much of Florida, Tampa's economy is heavily based on services and tourism. There is a huge net influx of cash into the area. Many wealthy people have winter houses there, and the upscale Tampa Palms neighborhood is a favorite destination for retired sports stars. Many corporations, such as large banks and telecommunications companies, maintain regional offices in Tampa, and the city is an extremely popular location for call centers.

Fortune 500 company Publix, a supermarket chain, is headquartered in nearby Lakeland, Florida.

Attractions and points of interest

Big Red Balloon Sightseeing Adventures offers hot air balloon rides.
Hyde Park is an upscale district in South Tampa. There are many fine shops and restaurants in the area as well as a movie theatre.
Malibu Grand Prix is an entertainment complex with two 18-hole miniature golf courses, a gameroom, and two race tracks.
Seminole Gaming Palace - Seminole reservation, casino, Hard Rock Cafe
The Skatepark of Tampa is a world-famous skatepark, with many professional skateboarders flocking to it in January for the Tampa Am, and in March, for the Tampa Pro.
Tampa Union Station is an historic train station between downtown and Ybor City.
Ybor City is a National Historic Landmark District near downtown. It is a hotspot at night (especially on the weekends due to the many nightclubs, barss, restaurants and other entertainment venues in the area). Ybor City and Tampa in general were an integral part of the Florida death metal scene.
La Ideal Cafetería is a "hole-in-the-wall" Cuban restaurant that many Tampa residents claim is the official taste of Tampa. It is known across the city for having the best café con leche (Cuban coffee with steamed milk) and the most energetic, personal service. Mario Aguila Jr., or "Mayito," as half of Tampa calls him, serves his Cuban coffee and sandwiches with the biggest smile and the sassiest salsa dancing one is likely ever to see.

Cinemas

Tampa Theatre is a historic movie palace that shows a wide range of independent, foreign and classic films in addition to an occasional live show. It also is the home of several film festivals that occur throughout the year.
Museum of Science and Industry (MOSI) has an IMAX dome theater
The Fun-Lan Drive-In is the only drive-in theater left in Tampa. Fun-Lan has four screens each showing first-run movies. There is also a flea market in the morning five days per week.

Colleges and universities

Florida Metropolitan University (FMU)
Hillsborough Community College has several campuses around the Tampa Bay area.
University of South Florida (USF) is located in north Tampa, near the Busch Gardens amusement park, and the town of Temple Terrace.
University of Tampa (UT) is located next to downtown Tampa, on the Hillsborough River, where it enters Tampa Bay. UT is a preferred winter practice destination for northern rowing teams from Ivy League schools.

High schools

Alonso High School
The Academy of the Holy Names
Armwood High School
Berkeley Preparatory School
Blake High School (named after Howard W. Blake)
Bloomingdale High School
Brandon High School
Chamberlain High School
Durant High School
East Bay High School
Freedom High School
Gaither High School
H.B.Plant High School
Hillsborough High School
Jefferson High School
Jesuit High School of Tampa
King High School
Leto High School
Middleton High School
Newsome High School
Plant City High School
Riverview High School
Robinson High School
Sickles High School
Tampa Bay Technical High School
Tampa Catholic High School
Tampa Preparatory School
Wharton High School

Middle schools

Adams
Benito
Booker T. Washington
Buchanan
Coleman
Davidsen
Dowdell
Eisenhower
Farnell
Ferrell
Franklin
Greco
Hill
Liberty
Madison
McLane
Memorial
Orange Grove
Pierce
Progress Village
Roland Park
Sligh
Stewart
Van Buren
Webb
Williams
Wilson
Young

Additionally, middle school students visit Nature's Classroom, an outdoor biology program. There is also a K-8 facility, James, with another one, The New Rampello K-8 School, under construction. It will open in August of 2005.

Live theatre

Friday Morning Musicale 809 Horatio Street, Tampa, Florida (813) 251-1990. The building, originally built in 1926, now serves as a community center and theatre. It is located in Hyde Park area of South Tampa.
Gorilla Theatre is an intimate venue in Drew park.
Tampa Bay Performing Arts Center is located in downtown on the Hillsborough river and hosts a variety of live shows and concerts
Tampa Theatre shows classic and art house films. It occasionally hosts live performances.

Museums

African Art Gallery
American Victory Museum
Cigar Museum And Visitor Center is in Ybor City.
Henry B. Plant Museum is located at the University of Tampa across the river from downtown.
Museum Of Science and Industry (MOSI)
Salvador Dalí Museum is located across the bay in downtown Saint Petersburg, Florida. It boasts one of the largest collections of Salvador Dalí's art in the world.
Saunders Planetarium is part of MOSI.
Tampa Bay History Center is in downtown.
Tampa Museum of Art is in downtown on the Hillsborough river.
Tampa Police Museum is in downtown.
Ybor City Museum State Park is near downtown Tampa in Ybor City.

Shopping centers

International Plaza and Bay Street, located in the Westshore business district, is home to many upscale department stores as well as a hotel that was recently built on the premises.
WestShore Plaza is a upper-middle class shopping center, one mile away from International Plaza and Bay Street. On the middle class end, the mall is anchored by Sears and JCPenney, and on the higher end, anchored by Macy's and Saks Fifth Avenue.
University Mall, in the northern part of the city near the University of South Florida, with Sears, JCPenney, Macy's, and Burlington Coat Factory as anchors.

Sports teams

Tampa is home to four major professional sports teams and a number of minor league teams.

Major League Baseball: Tampa Bay Devil Rays: Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg, Florida
National Football League: Tampa Bay Buccaneers: Raymond James Stadium in Tampa
National Hockey League: Tampa Bay Lightning: St. Pete Times Forum in Tampa
Arena Football League: Tampa Bay Storm: St. Pete Times Forum in Tampa
Major League Soccer: Tampa Bay Mutiny: defunct
Florida State League (Single-A baseball): Tampa Yankees: Legends Field in Tampa
Additionally, the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball play spring training games at Legends Field.

Zoological gardens and aquaria

Big Cat Rescue is a non-profit sanctuary for large cats. The facility is in the Citrus Park area and is open to the public.
Busch Gardens is a popular theme park with rides, shows and animals.
Florida Aquarium is located in the Channel District near downtown.
Lowry Park Zoo is rated one of the nation's top mid-sized zoos.
Suncoast Primate Sanctuary.
University of South Florida Botanical Gardens.

Local media

Newspapers

Daily

Weekly

La Gaceta: The nation's only trilingual newspaper, written in English, Spanish and Italian
Weekly Planet: A free "alternative" tabloid
Tampabay Times/TBT: A free information and entertainment tabloid

Web-Based

TampaBayStart.com : Current local news, weather, sports, and business

Television

WEDU (PBS)
WFLA (NBC)
WTSP (CBS)
WTVT (FOX)
WUSF (PBS)
WFTS (ABC)
WTTA (WB)
WTOG (UPN)
WMOR Independent

Yearly events

Bonk Festival of New Music is an annual event to promote public awareness of new music and to foster relationships between musicians. It takes place at a variety of venues around Tampa.
Florida State Fair lasts about a week in February and features livestock, food, entertainment and midway rides. It takes place at the Florida State Fairgrounds.
Gasparilla Pirate Festival is a daytime parade that takes place one Saturday in February.
Sant'Yago Knight Parade is an illuminated nighttime parade that takes place one Saturday in February in Ybor City.
Guavaween offers daytime events and nighttime parade one Saturday in October in Ybor City.
Tampa International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival lasts a little over a week during October. The movies are primarily shown at the Tampa Theatre although other local venues are occasionally used as well.
Tropical Heatwave is a diverse series of concerts sponsored by community radio 88.5 WMNF.

MacDill Air Force Base

MacDill Air Force Base, located in south Tampa, is home to CENTCOM, the Central Command of the United States military; and SOCOM, the Special Operations Command. The base is run by the 6 Air Mobility Wing, and includes both the 310th Airlift Squadron, flying the C-37, and the 91st Air Refueling Squadron, flying the KC-135.

The base flightline was closed in the 1991 round of base closings under the Base Realignment and Closure committee discussions; at the time, the base was used for F-16 training and the air traffic in the Tampa area was considered detrimental to training; the noise produced was also considered inappropriate in a densely settled area. However, despite committee recommendations, the base remained open to house and support CENTCOM and SOCOM. The flightline was reopened in 1993 for NOAA operations, and in 1996 the air refueling squadron moved to the base from Malmstrom Air Force Base in Montana.

Approximately 14,000 people work at MacDill Air Force Base. It is a significant contributor to Tampa's economy, and the city is very supportive of the military community. In 2003 and 2004, the Tampa Bay area was awarded the Abilene Trophy, which annually honors the most supportive Air Force city in the country.

Public transportation

Airports

Tampa International Airport is the city's main airport. In March 2003, Conde Nast Traveler Magazine ranked the airport #1 in the US and #3 in the world. There is also a smaller general aviation terminal called Peter O. Knight Airport which is located on Davis Island near downtown. Saint Petersburg-Clearwater International Airport is across the bay and offers another option for air travelers.

Train stations

Amtrak services Tampa via the Tampa Union Station which is near downtown.

Seaports

Several cruise ships make use of the Port of Tampa, located in the Channel District.

Mass transit

The Hillsborough Area Regional Transit Authority (HARTline) operates the streetcars as well as the bus system.

Streetcars

The TECO Line Streetcar System, which links Ybor City, the Channel District and downtown Tampa, began operating on Saturday, October 19, 2002. Although quite limited in the scope of areas that it services, and its slow speed (about 10-15 mph), the air-conditioned cars do offer a comfortable and nostalgic method of getting around. The line is similar to the streetcar network in Tampa in the early 20th century.

On February 13, 2005, a drunk man walked in front of one of the streetcars and was struck and killed, the first such accident with Tampa's streetcars.

Buses

HARTline has signed transit deals with both the University of South Florida and the University of Tampa, allowing HARTline buses to transfer students and faculty from the two campuses to other areas of Tampa free of charge as long as proof of affiliation with the school is presented.

Sister cities

Tampa is a sister city with Agrigento, Italy, Barranquilla, Colombia, Córdoba, Argentina, Granada, Nicaragua, Izmir, Turkey, Le Havre, France, Oviedo, Spain and Camarines Sur, Philippines.