Miran Shah

Miran's Shah's first charge was a vast region centered around Qandahar, which he was granted in 1383. That same year, he destroyed a rebellion against Timurid authority by the Kartids, then vassals of Timur in Khurasan under their leader Ghyas al-Din. To solidify control over the area, in 1396 he invited the remaining Kartid princes to a banquet and slew them.

In the winter of 1386 Miran Shah defeated an invading force of the Golden Horde that was on its way to Persia. He captured several prisoners, but these were released under light conditions when handed over to Timur.

In 1396 Miran Shah was given control of Azerbaijan, principally the cities of Sultaniyya, the former capital of the Illkhans, and Tabriz. In the summer of 1398 he marched from Tabriz with the goal of subduing the Jalayirids of Baghdad, but was forced to call off the expedition. Meanwhile, rumors had come to Timur that his son was planning to betray him. The conqueror was also angry over Miran Shah's refusal to solve the problems of tax dodgers within his area, and over his son's inability to keep the important fortress of Alinjaq out of the hands of the Jalayirids. In 1399 Timur sent a force under his nephew Sulaiman Shah to summon Miran Shah. The latter came with Sulaiman Shah willingly back to his father, where he was deposed of his governorship and assigned to his father's company for four years. His friends and advisors were executed.

Because of mental difficulties caused by an accident, Miran Shah was not a candidate for succeeding Timur. In the struggle that followed Timur's death in 1405, his son Aba Bakr managed to oust Jalayirid forces from Tabriz and Miran Shah reestablished himself in Azerbaijan. At the same time, Miran Shah supported another son, Khalil Sultan, in his claims the throne. He marched with Aba Bakr in an attempt to reinforce Khalil, but eventually turned back. Meanwhile, he had to deal with the growing threat of the Black Sheep Turkmen, under Qara Yusuf. The latter defeated Aba Bakr at Nakhchivan in 1406 and again at Sardrud in 1408. In the last battle, Miran Shah was killed.

The line of Miran Shah continued to play a prominent role in the remnants of the Timurid Empire, when Abu Sa'id came to power in Transoxiana. He is also the ancestor of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire.

References

• Peter Jackson (1986). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume Six: The Timurid and Safavid Periods. ISBN 0521200946