Hasan bin Ali
Hasan was the first grandchild of Muhammad and according to Shi'a tradition was named by Muhammad upon a revelation from God. The name Hasan means "handsome" in Arabic. Hasan and his brother Hussein were greatly beloved by their grandfather, and numerous hadith testify to this. There are also hadith that exist which claim that Hasan and Husayn will be the leaders of the youth in heaven. Hasan is also one of the four persons included in the Hadith Of The Cloak.
Upon the death of his father at Kufa, a number of people in that town and neighboring regions swore allegiance to Hasan, making him the successor to his father. This put him in conflict with Muawiyah, who had been victorious in his competition with Ali for the caliphate. Muwaiyah began raising an army to face Hasan, but at the same time sent him letters asking him to give up his claim. If Hasan was to renounce it, then Muawiyah would have an uncontested claim to the caliphate. If however, Muawiyah were to defeat Hasan in battle, he would have absolute power, but questions regarding his legitimacy would linger.
The armies of Hasan and Muawiyah would fight some battles, but eventually Hasan gave up his claim in order to maintain peace among the Muslim people. He retired to Medina and was given a pension by Muawiyah. At one point, Muawiyah asked Hasan to help him quell a Kharijite rebellion, but Hasan refused to help, writing that he had given up fighting for the sake of peace.
Hasan would die in Medina in the year 669 and is buried at the famous Jannat ul-Baqi cemetery across from the Masjid al Nabawi.
Some believe that he was poisoned by his wife at the urging of Muawiyah.
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